fa طراحی مدل اهداف برنامه درسی مبتنی بر عدالت آموزشی در آموزش عالی ایران: پژوهش کیفی رویکردهای جدید در طراحی برنامه درسی New Approaches to Curriculum Design پژوهشی کيفی Qualitative Research <strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مقدمه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">:</span></span></strong> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آموزش عالی یکی از مهم ترین مکان هایی </span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هست</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> که در ترویج عدالت و آموزش آن نقش مهمی ایفا می کند.اگرچه استراتژی های خاصی برای برقراری عدالت آموزشی به وسیله متخصصان به کار گرفته شده است،اما وجود بی عدالتی های آموزشی،بیانگر آن است که بسیاری از این استراتژی ها،ناموفق بوده اندو نیاز به تغییر نگرش و استراتژی های جدید آموزشی در</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اجزای</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برنامه</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درسی</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توسط متخصصان،کاملا مشهود است.لذا هدف این</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طراحی</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اهداف برنامه درسی مبتنی بر عدالت آموزشی</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آموزش</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عالی</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">باشد.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روش</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌ها:</span></span></strong> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این پژوهش</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیوه</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کیفی و</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با استفاده از راهبرد مبتنی بر نظریه داده بنیاد انجام شد روش</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اصلی</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گردآوری</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اطلاعات،مصاحبه</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نیمه</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساختار</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یافته</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بود.محیط</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شامل 13نفر ازمتخصصان حوزه برنامه درسی و تعلیم و تربیت بوده</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روش</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمونه گیری</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هدفمند</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موارد مطلوب</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انتخاب</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شدند</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بدست</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آوردن اعتبار</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روایی</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">داده</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دو</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روش</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بازبینی</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مشارکت</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کنندگان</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرور</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خبرگان غیر</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شرکت</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کننده</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شد</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتایج</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحلیل</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">داده</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طی</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سه</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرحله،کدگذاری</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">باز،</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کدگذاری</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محوری</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کدگذاری</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گزینشی</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کمک</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نرم</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">افزار</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> MAXQDA12</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مفاهیم</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مجزا</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تفکیک</span></span></span> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شدند</span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یافته‌ها</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">:</span></span></strong> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یافته ها حاکی از آن است که عدم نگرش عادلانه مسوولین در تدوین اهداف و محتوای برنامه درسی آموزش عالی،همچنین بی توجهی به متخصصین حوزه برنامه درسی، متاثرنبودن آموزش عالی از نیازهای آینده جامعه و فقدان نیازسنجی در گستره ملّی،از جمله مواردی هستند که مانع توسعه عدالت آموزشی در آموزش عالی می شوند.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span><br> <strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتیجه‌گیری</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">:</span></span></strong> <span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای رسیدن به عدالت آموزشی در آموزش عالی بهتر است هنگام تصمیم گیری برای تدوین اهداف و بازنگری سرفصلها به </span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">علائق و استعدادهای داوطلبین توجه شود،برنامه های درسی با بازار کار،صنعت و تجارت مرتبط شود و آموزش متناسب با نیازهای دانشجویان و جامعه باشد ،توجه ویژه به تخصص اساتید و نظرخواهی از همه اساتید برای تدوین برنامه درسی،صورت گیرد.</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span> <strong>Introduction</strong>: Higher education is one of the most important places that plays an important role in promoting educational justice. Although special strategies have been used by experts to establish educational justice, the existence of educational injustices indicates that many of these strategies have failed and the need to change attitudes and new educational strategies in the curriculum components by professionals is quite evident. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design curriculum objectives based on educational justice in higher education.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: This research was conducted in a qualitative manner using a strategy based on grounded theoty approach. The main method of data collection was semi-structured interviews. The research environment consisted of 13 experts in the field of curriculum and education using purposive sampling. In order to obtain the validity of the data, two methods of reviewing the participants and reviewing the non-participating experts in the research were used. The data analysis in three stages, open coding, axial coding and selective coding were done with the help of MAXQDA12 software.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: The findings indicated that the lack of fair attitude of officials in formulating the goals and content of higher education curriculum, as well as inattention to experts in the field of curriculum, higher education is not affected by the future needs of society and lack of needs assessment at the national level are hindering the development of educational justice in higher education.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: In order to achieve educational justice in higher education, it is better to pay attention to the interests and talents of volunteers when deciding to formulate goals and review topics. Curricula should be related to the labor market, industry and trade, and education tailored to the needs of students and society. Pay special attention to the expertise of professors and consult all professors to develop a curriculum. آموزش عالی, اهداف, برنامه درسی, عدالت آموزشی higher education, goals, curriculum, educational justice 323 333 http://edcbmj.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2858-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 mahboobe seyedi محبوبه سیدی Farzaneh_vasefian@yahoo.com 100319475328460036593 100319475328460036593 Yes دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،اردستان farzane vasefian فرزانه واصفیان 100319475328460036594 100319475328460036594 No دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،میمه mehdi keshavarzi مهدی کشاورزی keshavarzimehdi82@gmail.com 100319475328460036595 100319475328460036595 No Islamic Azad University, iranshahr Branch, Iran دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،ایرانشهر